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1.Six Elements of Fiction

• theme-the central topic a text treats.Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being "what the work says about the subject".
• symbol & figurative language - Figurative (or non-literal) language uses words deviating from their proper definitions in order to achieve a more complicated understanding or heightened effect. Figurative language is often achieved by presenting words in order for them to be equated, compared, or associated with other normally unrelated words or meanings.
• plot (Aristotle think the most important one) -refers to the sequence of events inside a story which affect other events through the principle of cause and effect. The causal events of a plot can be thought of as a series of sentences linked by "and so."

• narration & point of view -the perspective (or type of personal or non-personal "lens") through which a story is communicated
• character -(or fictional character) is a person in a narrative work of art (such as a novel, play, television series or film).In literature, characters guide readers through their stories, helping them to understand plots and ponder themes. 

Types of Character:

Dynamic v.s. Static

Flat v.s. Round

• Flat characters are two-dimensional, in that they are relatively uncomplicated. By contrast, round characters are complex figures with many different characteristics and undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader.